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SHIELD

FARO Directory

FARO stands for Frontline Record of Online Harms. Technology-related harm usually reaches the public one case at a time: a school in one country, a family in another, each easy to treat as an exception. This directory puts those cases side by side to help grassroots actors see where others face the same issues they do, and to help governments and regulators see the bigger picture of the harms occurring. The directory describes what its records contain. It does not measure how often these harms occur, and a country with few records may simply have little published about it.

How to use this directory: Topics are filterable for FARO reports that have already been created based on these incidents. The harms and response patterns shown are those featured there. To see the incidents used in a country-specific report, choose that country under Country report. Pick a pattern or evidence type to see on the map which countries have matching records. Click a country on the map or in the list to see its records below. Use the filter to search for keywords or specific sources.

Shaded countries have at least one record. Choose a pattern to see where it appears.

At least one matching recordNo matching recordSelected country

Shading shows only that a country has at least one record in this directory that matches your selection, and every shaded country looks the same on purpose. It says nothing about how often these harms occur there. Pattern filters only cover records classified so far, and small countries are easy to miss on a map, so use the list as well.

8 results

Norway
Technology in Education
Blog/personal post
Angeline Corvaglia
16/10/2026

A parent reported that children began showing pornography to each other in the classroom after physical books were replaced with iPads connected to the open internet. The school responded by offering trauma counseling. The reported consequence was exposure of students to pornographic material and resulting distress. This is a personal interview. Source available to SHIELD.

Norway
Technology in Education
News article
Nettavisen
16/10/2026

A parent reported that pornographic and violent video content appeared on their first grade boy's school-issued tablet, finding that the tablet had no restrictions or content filters.

Norway
Technology in Education
News article
FVN
16/10/2026

A report describes pornographic content appearing on a school-issued tablet used by a child in Norway

Norway
Technology in Education
Regulatory Action
NKRF
16/10/2026

The Norwegian Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) issued warnings of reprimand to three Norwegian municipalities for GDPR violations associated with their school-wide deployments of Google Chromebook and G Suite for Education. The regulator determined that the municipalities failed to perform adequate risk and privacy impact assessments, failed to establish a proper legal basis for data processing, and did not sufficiently inform students and parents about how their data would be processed and profiled.

Norway
Technology in Education
Regulatory Action
Personvernnemnda
16/10/2026

A municipality in Agder, Norway deployed the digital mapping tool Spekter at local schools to track bullying and class environments. The tool collected non-anonymous peer-reported details identifying specific students as bullies, victims, or class disruptors, which was done without proper legal basis, transparency, or the ability for named students to access or correct the allegations. The Norwegian Data Protection Authority and the Privacy Appeals Board (Personvernnemnda) ruled the data processing unlawful, ordering the municipality to delete all collected data.

Norway
Technology in Education
Blog/personal post
Angeline Corvaglia
16/10/2026

An IT professional analyzed a first-grade student's school iPad and found that approximately 20 to 24 percent of its traffic was associated with advertising networks. According to the account, the traffic appeared focused on behavioral tracking. The reported consequence was collection of children's data without their consent.

Norway
Technology in Education
News article
Tankesmien Agenda
16/10/2026

Students at two schools in a Norwegian municipality were instructed to use the fitness tracking app Strava as part of their school activities. The municipality failed to maintain control over how the students' personal data was processed within the app, violating GDPR. Consequently, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority issued a 50,000 NOK fine to the municipality.

Norway
Technology in Education
News article
University of Oslo
16/10/2026

A technical error in the Norwegian identity management system, Feide, resulted in the unauthorized transmission of national identity numbers to external service providers when users logged in. At a major Norwegian university, 15,019 students and staff had their national identity numbers shared, with 7,873 of those individuals having their data stored by third-party service providers without prior agreement. The university reported the incident to the national data protection authority.

About the records

Each record is a short summary of an incident described in a public source or collected through an interview by SHIELD or its partners. Records are reviewed by people before they appear here. Names and identifying details are removed: where a person appears, a role, age band and gender stand in for the name, and dates and places for minors are generalised. Every record links to its original source and shows the date that link was last checked. Records are classified with shared harm categories. The classification is SHIELD's own, so it can differ from how a source describes the incident.

Using the directory

You are welcome to read, link to and quote individual records with credit to FARO. Please do not copy, scrape or republish the dataset in bulk, or use it to train or test automated systems, without written permission. To ask for permission, use the SHIELD contact form. The original sources keep their own rights, and the link on each record leads to them.

How to cite

SHIELD-APS. Frontline Record of Online Harms (FARO). DIRECTORY-URL. Accessed [date]. To cite a particular selection, use the web address shown after you set the filters.

When you rely on the facts of an incident, cite the original source it links to. When you rely on the classification, the patterns or the country report, cite FARO. Please describe the records as documented incidents and do not present counts or country coverage as how often these harms happen. A country with few records may simply have little published about it.

Corrections and removals

If a record is wrong, a link no longer works, or you are described in a record and want it changed or removed, use the SHIELD contact form and include the title of the record. We review each request and update or remove the record where the request is justified.

Report an incident

Know of a documented incident that belongs here? Send it through the incident form. A public source, such as a news report, a court or regulator decision, or a research publication, helps us verify it quickly. Submissions without a public source are kept anonymous and are not tied to named products or companies. Please leave out the names of children and of anyone who has not agreed to be named. Submissions are reviewed before anything is published, and sending one does not guarantee a record.